Molasses chloral feed composition for improving feed utilization of ruminants

ABSTRACT

THE REACTION PRODUCT OF CHLORAL WITH MOLASSES IMPROVES THE FEED EFFICIENCY OF RUMINANT ANIMALS. THE PRODUCTS ARE INEXPENSIVE AND EASILY PREPARED. THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT IS FED ORALLY TO RUMINANTS USALLY ADMIXED WITH THE FEED. THE PREFERRED ACTIVE INGREDIENT IS THE REACTION PRODUCT OF WOOD MOLASSES WITH CHLORAL.

United States Patent M 3 796,797 MOLASSES CHLORAL FEED COMPOSITION FORIMPROVING FEED UTILIZATION OF RUMINANTS Roger C. Parish, King ofPrussia, and John E. Trei, West Chester, Pa., assignors to SmithklineCorporation, Philadelphia, Pa.

No Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 881,915, Dec. 3,1969, now Patent No. 3,615,649. This application Oct. 22, 1971, Ser. No.191,813

Int. Cl. A23k 1/02; A611: 27/00 US. Cl. 424-180 15 Claims ABSTRACT OFTHE DISCLOSURE The reaction product of chloral with molasses improvesthe feed efficiency of ruminant animals. The products are inexpensiveand easily prepared. The active ingredient is fed orally to ruminantsusually admixed with the feed. The preferred active ingredient is thereaction product of wood molasses with chloral.

acetal content. The saccharide portion of the haloacetal products servesas an inert carrying matrix which releases the haloacetal moietyuniformly while preserving the stability and palatability of theproduct.

In the parent application, we also describe the preferred starch-chloralcondensation products on one hand and the reaction products ofhemiacetaldehydes with crude saccharide containing products such as cornsyrup, cellulose powder or methyl cellulose on the other hand. Each ofthese extremes of our corollary invention have certain practicaldisadvantages although they are most useful products. The preferredstarch-chloral products are somewhat expensive due to the fact that forreproducibility certain uniform starches must be used and the productmost often must be isolated and controlled in content. In increasingfeed efficiency, cost to the grower of any supplement is most important.The reaction products of chloral with crude polysaccharide ediblescontain relatively low haloacetal content due to extensive cross linkingof the polysaccharides.

We have now discovered that certain condensation products have greatadvantage to the feed producer and to the farmer. These are the reactionproducts of haloacetaldehydes, preferably chloral with various molassesproducts. The products of this invention are used in crude form,therefore they are inexpensive. The carrying portion, i.e., themolasses, is a standard item already commonly used by the feed mixer orfarmer, therefore a specialbrand of polysaccharides need not be shippedor bought. Also the molasses is, of course, 'very inexpensive being acommon byproduct of the sugar or wood industries.

It should be noted that the exact structures of the reaction productsare unknown; however, using the same reactants and reaction conditions,reproducible products are easily obtained.

The term molasses as used herein generically embraces the sugar cane andbeet molasses products the most common of which is blackstrap molassesas well as the wood molasses products which resemble sugar molasses inphysi- 3,796,797 Patented Mar. 12, 1974 cal appearance, somewhat incontent, and also to significant ways in prior art use on the farm orranch. The wood molasses products are often described in the art asaqueous soluble hemicellulose extracts of wood (see Animal Nutrition,Maynard & Loosli, McGraw-Hill, 1956, p. 41, as well as references in ourparent application). Cane molasses products are described in manypublications, for example, in Western Livestock Journal, October 1970,p. 81.

Molasses contains complex mixtures of saccharides, proteins, inorganicsalts and fatty products. Most all molasses products are soluble inwater. The products can be either thick syrups in which water is presentor solids which are produced by evaporation of the water from the parentmolasses product or by supporting the molasses on various extenders aswell known in the art.

Wood molasses is obtained by cooking wood in water under high pressure.The water soluble products are sep arated by evaporation of the water tothe extent desired. Normally the percent of hemicellulose content ofsolid wood molasses is about 5060%. The most common products of thistype available are liquid or solid Masonex. This is the trademark forthe wood molasses products marketed by the Masonite Corporation,Chicago, Illinois. (See The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Eighth Ed.,page 545.)

We have unexpectedly found that chloral (or its hy-' drate or acetals)reacts readily with sugar or wood molasses to give a high chloralcontent molasses. The chloral is largely chemically bound as is noted byextraction of the product with a chloral soluble organic solvent, thenassaying the extract for chloral content by colorimetric determinationor chlorine assay. A small amount of excess unreacted chloral is notdetrimental to the practical use of the product as long as itspalatability is acceptable, As examples of the preparation of productsof this invention are the following:

Solid wood molasses (Masonex), 500 g., and anhydrous chloral, 125 g.,are thoroughly mixed and heated at steam bath temperature for 1 /2hours. After cooling, the sample has little smell of chloral and isdried at room temperature for several hours under high vacuum. Itanalyzes for 20.2% chloral based upon chlorine content. Extraction byorganic solvent removes only a trace l%) of free chloral.

Reaction of wood molasses (700 g.) with anhydrous chloral (300 g.) underthe same conditions gives a solid product which contains 32.3% chloralof which 8% is not chemically combined.

Chloral may also be reacted with liquid molasses preparations. Forexample, molasses g.) and chloral (anhyd.), 25 g., is heated briefly atsteam bath temperature to give a product with no chloral odor butdifficult to analyze for combined/free chloral hydrate.

A solid preparation may be produced from liquid molasses and chloral byspray drying. For example, chloral hydrate (70 g.) and liquid woodmolasses (liquid Masonex) (225 g.) are dissolved in 300 ml. distilled H0 and spray dried at 200 C. inlet temperature and 70 C. outlettemperature. The product is a dry solid with no odor of chloral whichanalyzes for 25% chloral.

Solid chloral-Masonex (22.5% chloral) is allowed to stand in the open at37 C. and 60% relative humidity. After one month the chloral content isreduced to 19.8% chloral.

Solid chloral-molasses preparations are primarily useful as solid feedadditives. Liquid chloral-molasses preparations are also useful inliquid feed formulations which are widely used in feed mixing plants orgrowing farms.

The reaction of chloral with solid Masonex appears to require only briefheating, for example up to four hours, to eliminate all chloral odor. Atroom temperature Level Percent Additive (p.p.m.) CH4 inhib.

Chloral-Masonex (20.2% chloral) 36 89 Chloral-Masonex (38% chloral) 1880 chloral-starch (19% Cl) 29 80 chloral-starch (28.5% C1) 23 70 Chloralhydrate 12 90 The above table shows that the activity of chloralmolassespreparations are roughly proportioned to the chloral content and arefully equivalent to the preferred chloral-starch products claimed in ourparent application.

The preferred product is chloral-Masonex which can be prepared for aboutone-third the cost of the most readily available starch-chloral product.This reduction in cost is most significant for the commercial success offeed supplements which increase the feed efiiciency of a ruminantanimal. It will also be appreciated that the mixer or large farmer canuse the compositions and methods of this invention in his plant ormixing mill using molasses already available plus chloral and only a lowtemperature source of heat.

The preferred products are the reaction products of cane, beet and woodmolasses with chloral (or its equivalent hydrate or lower alkylacetal)having a chloral content of from -50% chloral content, preferably -40%.

A particularly useful product is the reaction product obtained fromliquid (aqueous) wood molasses with chloral in aqueous solution at aboutsteam bath temperature in the proportions of the preferred range whichcrude liquid product is then spray dried. This product is a stable, freeflowing inexpensive material. In the products with higher ranges ofchloral content, excess chloral can be expelled by passing the spraydried material through a dry heat zone.

Other aspects of this invention are the feed or premix compositions aswell as the methods of increasing feed efficiency using themolasses-chloral products.

The unit amounts herein or in the claims are expressed in amounts ofchloral units since this is the preferred active aldehyde ingredientunless clearly expressed to the contrary. Amounts of otherpolyhalohemiacetal-molasses products to be used in feed products may beeasily calculated from these by those skilled in the art. The method ofthis invention comprises increasing the feed eificiency of ruminantanimals by the administration orally of an amount of molasseshaloacetal, preferably molasses chloral in amounts sufficient toincrease the feed etficiency but not cause noxious side effects. Suchamounts are outlined hereafter.

The ruminant feeds most generally used in conjunction with the method ofthis invention are the roughage feeds such as silage or variouscommercial grain mixtures commonly used in ruminant animals, that is, incattle or sheep. The amount of additive here will be an amountsufficient to improve the feed efiiciency of the animal but not to havea pharmacodynamic effect or not to inhibit overall fermentation in therumen; in the range of about 1 g. to 1 kg. per ton of feed (about0.0010.l%) preferably from about 100-400 g./ton based on chloral contentsince the molasses derived carrying portion of the condensation productis not active. The molasses is useful in itself for various nu ie ts andvitam ns it ttqtttta y contains. An

average sheep will ingest about 3-4 lbs. of food daily. An average cowabout 25 lbs.

Most useful quantities of the preferred molasses-chloral hemiacetalingredient will run from about 40 g.3 kg. (5 lbs.) per ton of feedpreferably 400 g.2 kg./ton. An average lb. sheep will ingest about 0.4-4g. of this active ingredient daily dispersed in its feed. An average1000 lb. cow about 4-8 g. Note these are weights of hemiacetal orchloral.

For commercial use, the active ingredients may be used as premixformulations in which the chemical is distributed uniformly throughout astandard animal feed carrier. This premix or concentrate is then mixedwith either a normal or a special fattening diet of the ruminant asdesired. Examples of such carriers are soybean meal, corn oil, groundcorn, barley, wheat, mineral mixtures such as vermiculites, diatomaceousearth, corn gluten meal, corn distillers solubles or soyfiour. Theactive ingredient will be in amounts to satisfy the criteria set forthabove for whole feed. The active ingredient will usually be present infrom about 5-75% by weight of the premix composition depending largelyon the physical properties of the ingredient. If the amount of molassesused suffices, unreacted portions of the molasses may form the bulkingagent with no additional carrier needed.

The supplemented animal feeds themselves may also contain cellulosicroughage such as cellulose, hay, straw, corn stalks, cotton seed hulls,oats, barley, and cereal brans; natural oils such as animal fats, fishoils, and whale oil; vegetable oils such as soybean oil, olive oil,safliower oil, peanut oil, and cottonseed oil; antioxidants, minerals;vitamins, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and other appropriate medicaments.

A typical prepared animal feed is as follows:

Solid wood molasses-chloral (20% chloral) l lb./ton of feed An exampleof a suitable premix is as follows:

Spray dried chloralmolasses (25% )2 lb. Ground yellow corn-to 3 lb.

This mix may be added to a ton of feed.

In the field the active ingredients may be administered by means of saltor molasses blocks. A typical block may be prepared using the followingconditions:

Ingredient: Weight percent Dried cane molasses, partially reacted withchloral hydrate (25 59.54 Ground soybean hulls 14.90 Granulated salt21.59 Trace minerals and vitamins 0.20 Stabilized animal fat 1.11Moisture 2.66

The method of this invention comprises allowing the cattle or sheep tofeed ad libitum on the supplemented rations or to be fed under penconditions on a regular schedule.

Normally the greatest feed efficiency is realized from using the methodand composition of this invention on rough fodder or normal grainfeeding.

.While the term chloral is used herein, other haloacetaldehydes may beequivalently used such as bromal, chloro or bromoacetaldehyde, dichloroor dibromo acetaldehyde. The term molasses chloral is used also todefine the reaction product of molasses with chloral (or its hydrate,etc.) even though the exact structure of the active compounds formed isunknown at this time. We may presume that most of the active reactionproducts are acetal derivatives of sugars such as contained in cane orbeet molasses or with hemicelluloses contained in wood molasses.

We claim:

1. The method for improving the feed utilization of ruminant animalscomprising administering orally as an active ingredient to such animalsan effective but nontoxic quantity from the range of from about 0.4-8 g.per animal per day based on chloral content of the reaction product ofmolasses and chloral.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the molasses is wood molasses with ahemicellulose content of from about 50-60%.

3. The method of claim 1 in which the molasses chloral product isderived from liquid wood molasses reacted with chloral then spray dried.

4. The method of claim 1 in which the chloral content of the activeingredient is from about -50% by weight.

5. The method of claim 4- in which the chloral content is from about 2040% by weight.

6. An animal feed effective for improving the feed utilization ofruminant animals supplemented with an elfective but nontoxic quantity ofthe reaction product of molasses and chloral within the range of about 1g.-l kg. of said molasses chloral per ton of feed based on chloralcontent.

7. The animal feed of claim 6 supplemented with a quantity ofmolasses-chloral being derived from the reaction of chloral with woodmolasses of from 50-60% hemicellulose content.

8. The animal feed of claim 6 supplemented with a quantity of molasseschloral derived from liquid wood molasses reacted with chloral thenspray dried.

9. The animal feed of claim 6 supplemented with a quantity of molasseschloral within the range of about g.-3 kg. of molasses chloral per tonof feed.

10. The animal feed of claim 6 supplemented with a quantity of molasseschloral within the range of from about 400 g.-2 kg. of molasses chloralper ton of feed, said molasses chloral having a chloral content of fromabout 10-50% by weight.

11. A premix feed containing a quantity of molasseschloral as defined inclaim 6.

12. A premix feed containing a quantity of molasseschloral as defined inclaim 7.

13. A premix feed containing a quantity of molasseschloral as defined inclaim 8.

14. A premix feed containing a quantity of molasseschloral as defined inclaim 9.

15. A premix feed containing a quantity of molasseschloral as defined inclaim 10.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,784,180 3/1957 Tislow et al.424- X 2,784,237 3/ 1957 Bruce 2606l5 A 2,927,054 3/1960 Lang 260-209 RX2,991,179 7/1961 Kviesitis et a1. 99-6 3,137,661 6/1964 Rose et a1260615 AX OTHER REFERENCES Journal of Dairy Science, volume 51, No. 6,pp. 882- 887, 1968, R. A. Prins et al.

NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner K. P. VAN WYCK, Assistant Examiner US.Cl. X.R. 424-350; 426--2

